Tips for Proper CPR Techniques in Adults, Children and Infants

We have all heard that famous Bee Gee’s song, “Staying Alive” that hit the music charts back in 1977. It was featured in the movie Saturday Night Fever, played countless times on the radio and has recently been featured in TV shows and commercials such as Grey’s Anatomy and The Office. It has become synonymous with the rhythm that lay rescuers would use when performing continuous cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The song has close to 104 beats per minute, and 100-120 chest compressions per minute are recommended by Red Cross and 2016 Canadian Consensus Guidelines on First Aid and CPR. CPR is easy to learn and if started within the first two minutes of a person suddenly collapsing and becoming unresponsive, it can save lives. Compression only CPR is acceptable if a bystander is unwilling, uncertain, or unable to perform “full CPR.” Full CPR, which is a cycle of 30 chest compressions to two rescue breaths, is still important to learn. While it may seem overwhelming or confusing, Compression-Only CPR is really just a few basic steps. Quick Tips for Proper CPR Techniques:

  1. Recognize the emergency. Check the Scene first, and if it is safe to do so, check the Person.
  2. If the person is unresponsive and not breathing, have someone call EMS-911 and get an AED (automated external defibrillator)
  3. Position your locked hands, one stacked on top of the other, knuckles up, at the center of the person’s chest
  4. Push steadily and deeply into the person’s chest (depth compression of at least 5cm on an adult and one third the anteroposterior diameter of the chest in children or infants (under the age of eight)
  5. Push deeply and steadily, allowing the chest to recoil in between compressions
  6. Maintain continuous compressions until a higher medical authority arrives, another trained first aider takes over, the AED is in “analyze” or “shock” mode, the scene becomes unsafe, or, there are obvious signs of life

Key Points for Children and Infants:

  1. If the lay rescuer is alone, it is recommended that they perform a two-minute cycle of CPRÂ before activating EMS 911. If they are not within reach of assistance or a phone, and it is safe to do so, take the child with you, to activate EMS-911. If you cannot take the child with you, activate EMS 911 and immediately return to the child or infant and continue care.
  2. Two-handed compressions are not recommended for babies (under 12 months). The lay rescuer should use two fingers in the center of the baby’s chest, just below the nipple line. Push deeply and steadily, allowing the chest to recoil in between compressions.
  3. If performing CPR on a child (ages 12 months or 1 years to approximately 8 years of age) the lay rescuer may do one-handed CPR depending on the age or size of the child

Once the AED arrives, attach the pads to a bare, dry chest, as shown in the photos on the pads, turn the machine on and follow the prompts. If you don’t have an AED, just sing the song Staying Alive until Emergency Services arrive. To review your skills, visit any Red Cross CPR class and update your hands-on skills to ensure confidence in an emergency situation.  http://www.redcross.ca/crc/documents/Canadian-Consensus-Guidelines-document-Feb-2016_EN_Final.pdf

Jodi Baxter

Jodi is an authorized Red Cross Training partner who worked her way through school and graduated from the University of Waterloo with a degree in English, focusing on documentation and writing. She has written articles, edited books, created leadership best practices manuals, provided content to websites and created end-user guides. She was even a content provider for magazines such as Reps! Magazine, Status Magazine, Oxygen and Muscle Magazine. A long-term community supporter and local volunteer, she joined the Canadian Red Cross in 2011 and found her passion for facilitation; specializing in first aid instruction, safety and prevention. After writing an article on the world's strongest firefighter, she was inspired to take on a new challenge and in 2013 graduated from Conestoga College with a diploma in firefighting. Straight out of college, she became an authorized provider and Red Cross Training Partner, pooling all her previous experiences and expertise into her small business, Baxter Safety. In 2015 she became a Red Cross Instructor Trainer and joined the Emergency Response Team with Disaster Management, supporting both small and large-scale disasters. Having a strong background in communication and facilitation skills, she became a Psychological First Aid Instructor and expanded her expertise to include Respect Education, Violence and Abuse Prevention. Jodi maintains a small training business providing courses within Ontario focusing on first aid, safety and prevention. She continues to increase her education and experience within the community and volunteers actively in disaster management.

More articles by the writer

We have all heard that famous Bee Gee’s song, “Staying Alive” that hit the music charts back in 1977. It was featured in the movie Saturday Night Fever, played countless times on the radio and has recently been featured in TV shows and commercials such as Grey’s Anatomy and The Office. It has become synonymous with the rhythm that lay rescuers would use when performing continuous cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The song has close to 104 beats per minute, and 100-120 chest compressions per minute are recommended by Red Cross and 2016 Canadian Consensus Guidelines on First Aid and CPR. CPR is easy to learn and if started within the first two minutes of a person suddenly collapsing and becoming unresponsive, it can save lives. Compression only CPR is acceptable if a bystander is unwilling, uncertain, or unable to perform “full CPR.” Full CPR, which is a cycle of 30 chest compressions to two rescue breaths, is still important to learn. While it may seem overwhelming or confusing, Compression-Only CPR is really just a few basic steps. Quick Tips for Proper CPR Techniques:

  1. Recognize the emergency. Check the Scene first, and if it is safe to do so, check the Person.
  2. If the person is unresponsive and not breathing, have someone call EMS-911 and get an AED (automated external defibrillator)
  3. Position your locked hands, one stacked on top of the other, knuckles up, at the center of the person’s chest
  4. Push steadily and deeply into the person’s chest (depth compression of at least 5cm on an adult and one third the anteroposterior diameter of the chest in children or infants (under the age of eight)
  5. Push deeply and steadily, allowing the chest to recoil in between compressions
  6. Maintain continuous compressions until a higher medical authority arrives, another trained first aider takes over, the AED is in “analyze” or “shock” mode, the scene becomes unsafe, or, there are obvious signs of life

Key Points for Children and Infants:

  1. If the lay rescuer is alone, it is recommended that they perform a two-minute cycle of CPRÂ before activating EMS 911. If they are not within reach of assistance or a phone, and it is safe to do so, take the child with you, to activate EMS-911. If you cannot take the child with you, activate EMS 911 and immediately return to the child or infant and continue care.
  2. Two-handed compressions are not recommended for babies (under 12 months). The lay rescuer should use two fingers in the center of the baby’s chest, just below the nipple line. Push deeply and steadily, allowing the chest to recoil in between compressions.
  3. If performing CPR on a child (ages 12 months or 1 years to approximately 8 years of age) the lay rescuer may do one-handed CPR depending on the age or size of the child

Once the AED arrives, attach the pads to a bare, dry chest, as shown in the photos on the pads, turn the machine on and follow the prompts. If you don’t have an AED, just sing the song Staying Alive until Emergency Services arrive. To review your skills, visit any Red Cross CPR class and update your hands-on skills to ensure confidence in an emergency situation.  http://www.redcross.ca/crc/documents/Canadian-Consensus-Guidelines-document-Feb-2016_EN_Final.pdf

Vlad Magdalin

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